Building Therapeutics Relationships in Forensic Psychology

Building Therapeutics Relationships in Forensic psychological scienceWhat social qualities should a rhetorical psychologist have that help build therapeutic relationships?Forensic psychology is a branch of criminological psychology it refers to the knowledge of the taking into custody, prediction and nature of umbrage or felonious behaviour (Bull, Davies Westcott, 2003). What defines this mental practice from others, is that the material produced is usually used in spite of appearance a hook of law and during group or single(a)(a) therapy sessions, with courts commissioning psychologists to create taradiddles indicating the fitness of a defendant on trial, with reference to pre-existing argonas of research, such as Post Traumatic Stress Dis rules of order (Blackburn, 1996). With upstart growth in popularity, due to exposure in certain mainstream television shows and films, such as Silence of the Lambs and Cracker, on that point has been a recent growth in the amount of individuals looking towards a charge at bottom forensic psychology (Buskist, Carlson Martin, 2000). The focus of this essay will be to explore the qualities needed from forensic psychologists and how these may have an impact on the relationships created with individuals they help. To under stall this question in its basic terms, we will first try to understand a brief tale of forensics as a psychological practice, what individuals are likely to expect at heart this practice, what is skills and requirements are asked of an individual in this trade, what may occur in certain situations wherein these interpersonal qualities are not met and finally the ethical and legal considerations we must make.The history of forensics within a psychological practice may assist in understanding how particular traits have become necessary when treating individuals. One of the first recorded cases of a psychologist giving a professional opinion within a court trial would be that of Albert Schren k-Notzing in Germany, 1886. Later Hugo Munstering, who gave psychological acumen into two murder trials, published most of the earliest forensic psychological resources in 1908 (Haward, 1979 Colman, 1995). In recent long time, some state institutions have tried to prohibit females from running(a) within all male prisons in America, as they argue that it is too flagitious for females (Arrigo Shipley, 2005), meaning that although there have been major developments for equality of sexes, there is still some prejudice of females beingness the weaker gender, both physically and psychologically, within this line of work. This shows us that forensic psychology is a fairly recent phenomenon, with establishments, such as the British Psychological Association (BPS) recently creating a division devoted to criminal psychology (Buskist, Carlson Martin, 2000). This may mean, that although we have some understanding of the professionalism needed within legal and psychological situations, we may not be fully aware of specialized requirements needed of individuals due to the fact that forensic psychology is still in its adolescent stages of development.Some questions posed to forensic psychologists help us gain an insight into what qualities are needed to give an accurate report and to fully express themselves within legal situations. These include, and are not limited to if they are fit to stand trial, if the testimony is genuine, if the individual has any teaching difficulties and if they are malingering (Colman, 1995). This would mean that not only are forensic psychologists requisite to have a venerating understanding of all parties involved, it is also central that they show qualities of insight, to understand the strengths and limitations of the individual and the tests conducted. Other qualities include an empathetic personality to any personality or learning disorders, tolerance of individuals with uncooperative personalities and an unprejudiced outwardly vi ew of an individual, regardless of their past.To fully understand what is required from a forensic psychologist, it is important to understand this occupation in comparison with others which it is usually mistaken for, such as forensic psychiatry and clinical psychology, as many of the boundaries between these careers are blurred. Clinical psychologists primarily measure out the psychological distress of an individual, and through already established methods, try to promote psychological well-being. Forensic psychiatrists have little or no training in professionally administering psychological tests which measure out personality and intelligence they will usually provide evidence based on a clinical interview, which are sometimes regarded more as an opinion than objective data (Buskist, Carlson Martin, 2000). This would mean that individuals within forensic psychology will not only have a unsubtle understanding of particular tests used, but also their limitations and benefits and an open-minded personality on how this may help of the rehabilitation and hold out of convicted criminals.Many of the duties involved in being a forensic psychologist require a different set of skills in many situations. Clinical assessments involve interviewing individuals and performing particular psychological test to assess an individual. As previously noted, this requires a broad range of knowledge and understanding of the tests, on with their strengths and weaknesses. The formulation of cases involves the hypothesising of causes, precipitants, and key influences on an individuals interpersonal and behavioural problems (Eells, 2007) this way of life that not only is certain degree of open-mindedness needed to understand the individual needs and requirements in certain situations, a forensic psychologist is also required to be supportive and empathetic in nature, whist affirming a professional attitude of the boundaries put in place by this career. Another duty involves th e put on the line assessment of criminals this requires a working knowledge of how to predict and manage individuals who seem to pose a risk of committing a criminal act (Appelbaum, Grisso, Monahan, Mulvey, Robbins, Steadman, 2000). This means that a personal understanding of an individual is required during therapeutic sessions, so a forensic psychologist should remain professional, whilst being reflective and insightful to build a ringing with those they are trying to help.Undergraduates wishing to undergo this career are notified of the amount of work they will need to do to be able to fulfil this aspiration. A first in a degree supported by the BPS is one of the primary requirement, with few post-graduate training courses taking on those with a 21. Secondly, a masters accredited by the BPS in forensic psychology is also necessary, followed by two years of supervised practice in a forensic psychology Stage 2 program, also accredited by the BPS. Alternatively, some universitie s offer a doctorate programme in forensic psychology, which combine the masters and stage 2 course. Finally, a registration with the Health and Care Professionals Council (HCPC) is also required. Just the training for this career path shows us that this is not a job to be considered lightly due to the amount of time and funding it takes to undergo this path, those applying will need excellent time management skills, along with a desire to fully commit themselves to this lifestyle both of these qualities are also used later when they are in a career, meaning that throughout training, you are prepared for some of the challenges we will discuss later.Many individuals which a forensic psychologist encounter, tests both the strengths and limitations of the individual whilst some therapeutic sessions may conducted in a straight forward manner, others will challenge the way we conduct ourselves, meaning that to fully understand the individual, we must first understand our own limits. There is a wide array of personalities and people which a forensic psychiatrist may treat, for example, adolescent offenders, adult female and male offenders, offenders who are disabled, have behavioural/psychological disorders or learning difficulties and those convicted of criminal acts which may afflict an emotional reply from a psychologist (such as arson, stalking and sex offending). Interestingly, there has been a dramatic add of women sentenced to immediate imprisonment within the UK, as the average female inmate population grew over 173% between 1992 and 2002, whilst male inmate population increased by only 50% (Home Office, 2005). This shows us that as society is changing, we too need to adapt our abilities and skills to treat a new wave of criminal behaviour, as some may be unable to cope or unsure of how to deal with the demands placed on us by dramatic increases such as this.In some instances in which individuals are not prepared for the psychological demands of this career , or do not have the suited interpersonal qualities to facilitate a hearty therapeutic relationship, situations may result negatively for one or both of the parties involved. In June 2009, Margret Burton was murdered by her late patient and partner Jason Hawkins after previously being advised that he should not have been released. This may have been due to a number of factors, as Burton had moved to another country, away from support groups, such as family and friends. Another reason may have been that there was an inadequate system put in place by the institution she was working at to deal with these particular stresses that would have otherwise been noticed. This means that not only is it of upmost importance to understand your individual weaknesses within this industry, it is just as important to understand how to cope and ask for assistance. Another example of an incident regarding the safety of a forensic psychologist would be that of the murder of Kathryn Faughey, an individu al who was murdered by David Tarloff in 2008. Initially, one of her co-workers, Kent Schinbach, was supposed to be targeted, due his diagnosis of schizophrenia in 1991, which in turn led to Tarloff becoming institutionalised. Figures indicate that violence against employees within the mental health sector is not an uncommon occurrence, with over 40% of colleagues reporting a non-fatal violent crime being committed against them between the years 1993 and 1999, and is thought to increase within recent years (Dubin Ning, 2008). This has led to forensic psychologists to understand and undertake safety measures as a part of daily clinical practice, as well as understanding the steps needed to prevent and confront violence within the possible therapy sessions it also means that in order to deal with these common occurrences, individuals who work within this sector should have a tolerant personality and professional personality, whilst remaining empathetic and supportive towards their cli ents.There are many ethical considerations put in place by courts to ensure that confidentiality, consent and other legal pacts to maintain the safety of the individual are upheld within all situations this requires a particular amount of trust, respect and professionalism from the both the psychologist and law at all times. The legal understanding of the standards of ethics within particular situations is key in undergoing this career, as a majority of the work involves adherence to a specific ethics code put in place by the courts, therefore any psychologist should meet the standard of general practice within both a psychological and legal setting (American Psychological Association, 1991). It may be a surprise to some that informed consent is not legal requirement, as in situations wherein it is ordered by the court it may be overlooked this means that although an individual may initially reject a psychiatric interview or certain psychometric tests, if the court requests it, for example, for the inclusion in a report for use during trail, the right to withdraw will then be withheld (Kalmbach Lyons, 2006). In some cases, the right to withdraw is also held by the examiner, should they feel discomfort, moral obligation to stop or for any reason they feel the individual should not undergo the testing, however a reason is almost always required within this situation. In other scenarios, in which a court feels as if objectivity is being compromised (such as an examiner producing prejudice results or giving a jerry-built interpretation of an event) will cause the court to reject the statements given and demand that they withdraw from a trial (Bonnie, 1990 Brodsky, 1990). Psychologists who trying to build relationships with those that they are treating would need a high level of understanding of the ethical and legal requirements within the workplace, whilst maintaining an unbiased attitude towards all those involve, as certain personal emotions may result in a loss of objectivity.To conclude, the work and development in the field of forensic psychology has shown great importance, due to the contributions it has made within legal and social settings. The bodied work of forensic psychologists has inspired the entertainment industry to create fictitious scenarios, some of which based on real events, which in turn has inspired a new generation of individuals to undergo a career in forensic psychology. With the rise of criminal and violent behaviour within todays society, there is a welcomed need for these inspired individuals to mould what has already been created and adjust it to the individual and societys ever changing and complex nature. As noted, a career within this community is not be undertaken without some understanding into the possible risks and hazards involved, such as the likelihood of psychological and physical harm to the individual. This means that those considering a career must first understand their own weaknesses, as sho uld they present themselves during this period of work, it could be detrimental to themselves and those they are treating. The ability to ensure an individual feels booming during a personal situation, such as therapy, is arguably one of the most important skills to possess not only are forensic psychologists required to maintain this trusting and empathetic persona during these sessions, it is of upmost importance that they also understand that a professional, resilient and respectful nature is key, as a lack of these may have detrimental effects on the patient and psychologist alike. Many institutions within the UK have support systems put in place, such as staff supervision, for those at risk or in training which allow individuals to reflect on themselves, and to understand how they may have a major impact on an individuals wellbeing.ReferencesAmerican Psychological Association. Committee on Ethical Guidelines for Forensic Psychologists.(1991). Specialty guidelines for forensic psychologists. Law and Human Behavior, 15, 655-665.Appelbaum, P.S., Grisso, T., Monahan, J., Mulvey, E.P., Robbins, P.C., Steadman, H.J. (2000). Developing a clinically recyclable actuarial tool for assessing violence risk. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 176(4), 312-319.Arrigo, B. A., Shipley, S. L. (2005). Introduction to Forensic Psychology Issues and controversies in law, law enforcement and corrections.Blackburn, R. (1996). What is forensic psychology? Legal and Criminological Psychology, 1(1), 3-16.Bonnie, R. J. (1990). causal agency for professional abstention in capital cases. Law and Hu-man Behavior, 14, 99-104.Brodsky, S. L. (1990). Professional ethics and professional morality in the assessment of competence for execution A response to Bonnie.Buskist, W., Carlson, N., Martin, N. (2000). Psychology The Science of Human Behaviour . Essex, England Pearson Education Ltd.Davies, G. M., Bull, R Westcott, H. L. (Eds.). (2003). Childrens testimony A handbook of psycholog ical research and forensic practice (Vol. 45). John Wiley Sons.Colman, A.M. (1995). Testifying in Court as an Expert Witness. The British Psychological Society.Dubin W.R, Ning A. Violence toward mental health professionals. In Simon RI, Tardiff K, eds. (2008). Textbook of Violence Assessment and Management. Arlington, VA American Psychiatric Publishing.Eells, T.D. (2007). vade mecum of Psychotherapy Case Formulation (2nd edition). New york Guilford Press.Haward, L.R.C. (1979). The psychologist as expert witness. In D.P. Farrington., K. Hawkins S.M.A Lloyd-Bostock (eds), psychology, law and legal processes. London Macmillan.Home Office. (2003). Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System, variance 95 Report, London Home Office. (2005), Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System, Section 95 Report, London Home Office.Kalmbach, K. C., Lyons, P. M. (2006). Ethical issues in conducting forensic evaluations. Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice, 2(3), 261-288.

Memory as a Constructive and Active Process

stock as a Constructive and Active ProcessMemory is a constructive and vigorous process. Evaluate this claim.Simon Andrew Ag newfangledTo evaluate the nonion that memory is a constructive process an assessment of some of the researchp1 on the geographic expedition of memory is required. wake up and Roth (2007) argue that memory is a constructive and spry process rather than a motionless mechanism for recording external nurture (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.130). However, it understructure be argued that memory is not exclusively constructive and active but also includes inactive elements. This can be seen by the constructive reconstruction techniques and a lead conducted by Godden and Braddeley (1975), which demonstrated that active learning alongside passive environment interaction that create extra retrieval cues for context reinstatement. These techniques try that linking passive affect of an environment can aid in the active process of memory retention and recollection .Memories ar formed from education perceived through all the senses, later on which information is coded and stored. Memory can be broken down into three comp whiznts, Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval. Encoding is the process (in) by which information is stored in a persons memory. centripetal information, information from the outside world, is transferred and coded into memory systems. There argon at least devil ways that sensory information can be coded. optic codding, where shapes, words and/or objects, are received through visual receptors which in turn form the bases for the meaning of said objects and acoustic coding, which codes incident sounds, like a word or the sound an object makes, similarly linking this information to the meaning of specific sounds, either of words and/or objects. This process of encoding proposes that there is an active process in learning the association between specific sounds or objects and their specific meanings and interpretations, which are subsequently stored in a persons memoryp2. Memories are crucial for everyday human functions. Without memory all interactions and experiences would not be stored in memory systems inhibiting the development as individuals and a society. Erik Eriksons research claimed that personal identity and memory were directly related to the development of individuality and society (Phoenix, 2007, pg.53). Eriksonp3 stated that a conscious sense of individual uniqueness an unconscious striving for continuity (Phoenix, 2007, pg.53). This suggests that memory is an active process in which helps in the development toward the idea of who we are.Storage processes are the means through which information is (coded and) then stored in spite of appearance a persons memory. Memory is a function that psychologists are long trying to understandThe first psychologist to conceptualise memory as involving different systems was William crowd together (1890). James proposed that the primary memory syst em involved conscious use of mental activity while the secondary system was for storing intimacy and experiences. James surmisal of different memory sub-systems is still being used, however other research has since been conducted that shows that memory can be broken down into three main processes, Sensory Memory, holds sensory information from the outside world for a brief moment. Short-Term Memory holds coded information for a few seconds or minutes, and Long Term Memory holds coded information in a robust form for many years. (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.115).There are different ways to study memory function, from methods such as laboratory experiments, quasi-experiments and field experiments (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.117). . Brace and Roth state that memory is an active, selective, and constructive process rather than a passive mechanism for recording external information. (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.130). However, this can be challenged through techniques like Retrieval-En hancing Techniques. (These are the techniques) used by police officers when interviewing witnesses to aid in memory retrieval of a particular event. The different retrieval-enhancing techniques that are adopted are context reinstatement, where a person is as to disown the physical surroundings, including light, temperature and smells. Recalling everything where a witness is asked to recall everything from a particular incident, whether they think it is relevant or not. This is because retrieving one piece of information, important or not, can assist in the retrieval of other pieces of information that may not be as easily remembered. . Recalling in different temporal orders where trying to recall an event either from start to finish, or in reverse, starting with the last memory, using salient aspects of the event and running(a) either forward or backward from that specific point (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.125). There is sufficient evidence that supports memory retrieval t hrough cognitive interviews. It demonstrates the ability to recall information that would not otherwise be actively processed, but could be perceived, in at least one way or another, through particular senses, such as smell, sounds or tastes.Godden and Braddeley (1975) researched Context Reinstatement (Godden and Braddeley) They designed a study that required participants to learn a list of 40 words while subaqueous or on land. The results showed that the word (were) recall was 40% higher when the recall situation was the same as the learning environment, compared to (that) when the environments were different (switched) (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.127). It can be argued that these results show that memory is in fact active in some respects and passive others in that it demonstrates links between the passive interpretation of an environment to the active process of storing and recalling wordsp4. Subsequently participants that were asked to recall the word list in (the opposite) a different environment remember less as the opposite environment provided no cues. (such). Endel Tulving (1983) explained the relationship between storing and recalling as stronger when retrieval overlap or match with cues that were registered at encoding (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.126).However, memory is pliable and recollection can be influenced by post event information as well as previous mental images and thought processes. Bartlett (1932) described these changes in recognition and recall as being unwittingp5. Research by Bartlett illustrated that when actively recalling new information, in order to make sense of it, a person relies on past knowledge and experiences. . Bartlett designed an experiment which highlighted influences of social factors on memory. . The experiment included participants reading an extract and then asked to recall as much of the extract as possible. . It was found that when new information was recalled the recognition was different to the original information. . He noted that unusual descriptions were changed into standard descriptions, for example, something black came out of his oral cavity became foamed at the mouth. . Other changes occurred through rationalisations and omission of materials (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.132). . Bartlett explains this as effect after meaning in that past experiences, unconsciously and/or passively, intertwine with new information to help interpret and make sense of the new information. . These particular observations supported the idea that memory adopts both active and passive processing when processing new information making memory pliable and influential (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.133).Another example that demonstrates that memory is able to passive process information is through the works of Craik and Lckhart (1972). . Craik and Lockhart proposed two different levels of processing, shallow and deep. . They suggest that shallow level processing is simple coded information in toll of physical characteristics, shapes and sounds. . Deep level coding is information that is processed is assigned a meaning (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.119). This theory led Craik and Tulving (1975) to further investigate these different levels. . A study conducted by Craik and Tulving demonstrates the abilities of incidental learning against designed learning. . This required participants with in the study to try not actively remember the words in the stimuli, as to only demonstrate the capabilities of incidental learning. The results found that mess were more likely to incidentally learn words that they came across during the semantic task (word that fit into sentences), and less likely to incidentally learn the words in the structural task (words in block capitals), and an intermediate amount of acoustic learn words (words based on rhyme) (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.120). This notion of incidental learning would suggest that the memory processes are also being passively stored to m emory systems, as one of the main requirements was that participants were asked to try not actively learn anything during testing and as yet their memory still subconsciously encodes and stores the information.In evaluating the notion that memory is a constructive process the assessment on some of the research in exploration of memory systems suggests that memory is not only constructive and active process, but a passive one as well. . It cannot be stated that memory is not an active process, as this is evident in the active process of visual and acoustic encoding, and that encoded information is key everyday human function, development and interactions. However it can be argued that memory is also a passive processes, in which sensory information is taken in and linked with active memory processes through environmental interactions or already established schemas. . This can be seen and argued through multiple studies. The results of Godden and Braddeley (1975) demonstrate that memory is active and passive in that it highlights links between the passive interpretation of an environment to the active process of storing and recalling words. Which is explained by Turlving that when retrieval overlap or match with cues that were registered at encoding (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.126). . However Bartletts discussion of the pliability of memory, delinquent to the notion that memories are processed and understood using already established schemas, and that Incidental and intentional learning, further supports the argument that memory adopts both an active and passive process when processing and/or applying meaning to new information.Words 1637ReferencesBrace. N, Roth I., (2007) Memory Structures, Processes and Skills in D. Miell, A. Phoenix, K. Thomas (Eds.), Mapping Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 113-160). Milton Keynes, The Open University.Phoenix. A. (2007) Identity and Diversity in D. Miell, A. Phoenix, K. Thomas (Eds.), Mapping Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 45-92). Milton Keynes, The Open University.p1Though you have explain the issue to some extent this cannot be said to be an introduction, as you are referring to terms and studies that have not yet been explained, You also need to inform the reader you mean to answer the question, and how it is to be organised.p2Though things can be stored in memory passively, without us attending to them.p3This quote is not really relevant to the question, and as above, there are elements of memory storage that occur without consciousness.p4I didnt understand this point in the introduction, but it makes sense this timep5Note that recognition is matching something to what is already in memory, whereas recall is retrieving something stored in memory.

The Essence of the Otavalo Essay -- Essays Papers

The Essence of the OtavaloIn our modern era and by our modern standards, the Otavalo people of Ecuador shine with scintillating success in the global arena. A myriad of factors have contributed to Otavalo prosperity and wealth, factors both outside and within their control, but factors nonetheless dependent upon the fluidity and ever-changing construct of autochthonous identity. Tracing the saga of this indigenous peoples rise to textile, musical and cultural capital, the opportunistic attitude of the Otavalo remains the foundation for modern wealth and commerce. The true caput of Otavalo success, however, rests not in sparing prosperity alone, but in their inherent ability to adopt socially befitting modern traditions and retain the right to desexualise the meaning of being Otavalo. As early as the 1950s, indigenous merchants traveled to Columbia, Venezuela, Peru, Chile and Argentina seeking markets and commerce (36). This swell of savvy Otavalos seeking saucily trade demonstra tes the cultures durable penchant for innovative business and financial exchange. However, it was not until 1964 that the Law of Agrarian Reform abolished wasipungu that major shifts in economic industry took hold of Otavalo. The process of redistribution levied out 180,000 acres of Otavalo land by 1979, but there was hardly enough land to support and feed exclusive families, and so families began to focus on textiles and tourism for support. In the pinch of the 1974 OPEC oil crisis on Ecuadorian economy, the prosperity of the Otavalo persisted despite a floundering national economy because they relied on textiles and tourism rather than agriculture (39). With the advent of national roads facilitating tourism, the profit of the Saturday market skyrocke... ...ain focused in the spiritual valley of their home (266). Quichua shows no signs of fade out of common tongue, traditional dress morphs agreeably with elements of modern fashion, and families still desire to grow and prepare t heir own food on their own land. tho the growing focus on individual profit and individual success may harm collective economic success in the future of the Otavalo, if the partnership loses collective identity and thus, political clout. Though no community remains static or rigid against social change, the Otavalo must have the right to populate as they believe Otavalos should exist. As they emerge as a community of people who turn the tables on capitalism and thrive in the economic expression laid upon their country and their lives, they will chose to adopt modernity as they find useful and blossom in the ever growing identity of the Otavalo.

Confucianism Essay -- Papers China Chinese Culture Religion Essays

ConfucianismA philosopher named Confucius founded Confucianism in China 2,500 years ago. Confucianism is a system of ethical sort and social responsibility that became the great traditions of the East.1 It played an important role in the evolution in Chinese finish over the centuries. It has influenced near-by countries and had made a curb in the history of religion. There are today over six million people who call themselves Confucianists. Most Confucianists live in East Asia where Confucianism is aspect to be born. For over two thousand years, Confucianism has been the dominant philosophical system of Chinese presidency, which has still a great hold on their people. Because Chinese culture has spread to the counties of Vietnam, Korea, and Japan, the values of Confucianism can be found there too. ConfuciusConfucius was born in 551 BC in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. During that time, the Zhou dynasty was in decline-this was controlled by King Zhou. As a child, Confuc ius would have make-believe rituals as a young adult he quickly earned a written report for politeness, fairness and had a love for learning. He traveled often and studied at the imperial capital, Zhou, where legend has it he spoke with Lao Zi, the leader of Daoism. When Confucius returned to Lu, he became a renowned teacher. At the age of 35, Confucius followed Duke Zhao into war. Duke Zhao was later captured and Confucius again followed. Zhao often went to Confucius for advice, but was later advised not to by one of his advisors. Eventually Zhao stop going to him for advice and Confucius returned to Lu. When he returned, he saw that conditions have been unchanged so he retired from public life to concentrate on teaching and studying... ...ducted at the many Confucian temples on the island. In June, Taiwan?s Dragon Boat Festival commemorates the death, in 299 BCE, of the Confucian diplomat Chu Yuan, who drowned himself to call attention to unheeded demands for government reform.B ibliography1Confucianism ? World Religionsby Thomas and Dorothy Hoober P. 32 Confucianism ? World Religionsby Thomas and Dorothy Hoober P. 753 Confucianism http//albany.net/geenius/kongfuzi/teach.html4 Confucianism ? Encarta Encyclopediahttp//www.encarta.com5 Confucianism ? World ReligionsP. 56 6 Confucianismhttp//www.albany.net/geenius/kongfuzi/modkong.html7 World Book Encyclopedia ? Confucianism8 Confucianismhttp//www.encyclopedia.com9 Confucianismhttp//connect.net/ron/confucianism.html10 Confucianismhttp//www.encarta.com(I would check it first)

Television Violence and Its Effects on Children Essay -- Argumentative

Television Violence and Its Effects on Children Television ferocity affects tout ensemble who view it, but its biggest effect is on children. Childrens minds are like a blank page. Television is writing effect on that page. Television violence is one of the causes of aggression and violent behavior in children. This problem is not new, but in recent years it has gotten worse. In the last few years, violence in television programs has increased greatly. A study in 2000-01 compared to a study done in 1998-99 showed that violence is, in fact, on the rise. Verbal violence, rough language, alone increased by a staggering 78% (Lavers). How did violence become so prevalent on television? Sadly, violence is what the people precious to see it sells. Society has slowly put its guard down allowing violence to creep in. Now we are faced with this detrimental situation which we flip created. unseasoned children, starting at about age three, begin to really watch a television program designed for their age. They will begin to imitate what they have seen on the television. Children ages six through about ten often do not fully understand the difference between reality, and what they see on T.V. (Ledingham). With that in mind, consider the violent content in television programs. A recent content analysis, The National Television Violence Survey, had several interesting findings in construe to violence in television programs 1. 61% of television programs contain some violence, and only 4 percent of television programs with violent content featured an antiviolence theme. 2. 44% of the violent interactions on television involve perpetrators who have some attractive qualities worthy of emulation.3. 43% of violent scenes involve humor either... ...iolence. Mar. 1995. Media Awareness Network. 30 Oct. 2002 Kirkey, Sharon. rough TV, Video Games Dont Make Kid Kill. 20 May 2002. CanWest Global Communications Corp. 30 Sept. 2002 Lavers, Daphne. The Verdict on Media Violence. 13 M ay. 2002. regional Business News. 30 Sept. 2002. Ledingham, Jane. The Effects of Media Violence on Children. The National Clearing House on Family Violence. 13 Sept. 2002 Office of the Surgeon General. 13 Sept. 2002. U.S. Government. 28 Sept. 2002 uprightness Media. 2002. Virtue Media. 28 Sept. 2002

A Piece Of My Heart (book) :: essays research papers

The "other" Vietnam Vets     Everybody knows about the men who served in Vietnam. They have at least heard of the mentally trying conditions during the war and the resulting "post traumatic stress syndrome" (PTSD) so many veterans suffered from, or heard of the issues concerning proscribe public opinion of veterans for their role in a hated war. However, few are aware of the female role in the Vietnam War women, the "other" veterans, shared in all of these problems and issues along with the gun-toting men. They were the nurses, and in A Piece of My Heart by Keith Walker the stories of many women are presented to better understand just how the Vietnam War affected women. Working in places like body waste hospitals exposed women to the endless flow of casualties from the battlefield, and these experiences took major mental tolls upon the minds of the women who had to assist them, especially in their considerations for the value of human li fe. Women experienced other problems upon returning home much(prenominal) as the same PTSD and outlashes by anti-war protesters. Women were veterans of Vietnam just like the men, and they experienced many of the same problems as a result of their role there.     Women were exposed to an great amount of pain while in Vietnam. As veteran Rose Sandecki said, "The Vietnam War really did a number on all of us, the women as hygienic as the men" (20). Nurses in Vietnam were exposed to a nonstop flow of casualties from the field. The landing of a Chinook with mass casualties on board had become a standard to Christine Schneider, a nurse in Da Nang. Practically every nurse&8217s story described the hospital scenes in Vietnam as "busy." Jill Mishkel explained that she experienced a minimum of at least one death per day. As Ms. Schneider described, "There was just too much death" (46). Ms. Schneider also mentioned, "Everybody was deplorabl e" (45) nurses only saw the bad because they were surrounded by it, day in and day out. Charlotte Miller described everything as "on a very negative basis" (324), and that she had to deal with these problems from twelve to fifteen hours per day, twelve to fifteen days in a row, a very rigorous schedule. Further emotional upon was incurred by the severity of the injuries that the nurses had to deal with. Nurses described situations such as little boys with their intestines hanging out, men with half their faces blown off, men missing their legs from a grenade explosion, paraplegics, quadriplegics, and in one case pulling someone&8217s shoe off and having the foot come with it.

Amusing Ourselves to Death: Its Time to Stop Laughing Essay -- Postma

Amusing Ourselves to Death Its Time to Stop Laughing The form of parley created by the television is non only a part of how our modern society communicates, but is has changed public discourse to the point that it has completely redefined it, argued Neil letter carrier in his convincing book Amusing Ourselves to Death. He viewed this as very harmful, and additionally so because our society is ignorant of it as they quickly becomes engulfed in its epistemology. When faced with the interrogate ab out whether the television shapes or reflects culture, Postman pointed out that it is no longer applicable because television has gradually become our culture (79). What kind of culture is this? Postman warned that it is one in which we are instructed and informed done the form of entertainment, and that through such a medium, we are becoming dulled, ignorant of real issues, and amused secure into a very possible culture death. Today, xvi years after the books publication, he would p robably have a similar message (though possibly much passionate) to say about our present culture, especially in the areas of education and the nightly news, which have grown progressively worse. Taking two authors, George Orwell and Aldous Huxley, he compared their views about the futurity of information. Orwells view was that we would be overcome by a controlling force and books would be banned, leaving us without proper information or instruction. Huxley, on the otherwisewise hand, suggested that the squelching of information would non be the problem. Instead, it would be the plentiful mass flooding our culture that would make us ignorant. We would have so much to choose from, both useful and worthless, that we would become indifferent t... ...information invades the living room, they call into question why they are being tricked and mislead. Or worse, they do not even realize it. We are not a culture known for its thinking. Perhaps we are best known for our entertainme nt. Only when we divide these two realms will we become more accurate informed. Neil Postman, analyze Orwell and Huxleys theories, said, Our threat of being deprived of proper information does not watch us, by his choice. We watch him, by ours (155). His point was that by our own choosing, we are being misinformed. In our information age we have intelligent books, newspapers, magazines, and other information sources that have not been greatly affected by the television culture. We just need to mark off laughing and seek to be properly informed. works Cited Postman, Neil. Amusing Ourselves to Death. New York Penguin Books, 1985. Amusing Ourselves to Death Its Time to Stop Laughing Essay -- PostmaAmusing Ourselves to Death Its Time to Stop Laughing The form of communication created by the television is not only a part of how our modern society communicates, but is has changed public discourse to the point that it has completely redefined it, argued Neil Postman in his convincing book Amusing Ourselves to Death. He viewed this as very harmful, and additionally so because our society is ignorant of it as they quickly becomes engulfed in its epistemology. When faced with the question about whether the television shapes or reflects culture, Postman pointed out that it is no longer applicable because television has gradually become our culture (79). What kind of culture is this? Postman warned that it is one in which we are instructed and informed through the form of entertainment, and that through such a medium, we are becoming dulled, ignorant of real issues, and amused right into a very possible culture death. Today, sixteen years after the books publication, he would probably have a similar message (though possibly more passionate) to say about our present culture, especially in the areas of education and the nightly news, which have grown progressively worse. Taking two authors, George Orwell and Aldous Huxley, he compared their views a bout the future of information. Orwells view was that we would be overcome by a controlling force and books would be banned, leaving us without proper information or instruction. Huxley, on the other hand, suggested that the squelching of information would not be the problem. Instead, it would be the voluminous mass flooding our culture that would make us ignorant. We would have so much to choose from, both useful and worthless, that we would become indifferent t... ...information invades the living room, they wonder why they are being tricked and mislead. Or worse, they do not even realize it. We are not a culture known for its thinking. Perhaps we are best known for our entertainment. Only when we divide these two realms will we become more accurate informed. Neil Postman, comparing Orwell and Huxleys theories, said, Our threat of being deprived of proper information does not watch us, by his choice. We watch him, by ours (155). His point was that by our own choosing, we are bein g misinformed. In our information age we have intelligent books, newspapers, magazines, and other information sources that have not been greatly affected by the television culture. We just need to stop laughing and seek to be properly informed. Works Cited Postman, Neil. Amusing Ourselves to Death. New York Penguin Books, 1985.